Air Pollution Can Trigger Diabetes
Merry Wahyuningsih - detikHealth
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Boston, Lifestyle and excess calories in the body have been the cause of primary type 2 diabetes. But it turns out there are additional factors That helped trigger the development of the disease of diabetes, namely water pollution.
Why water pollution trigger diabetes?
Here's an explanation from the scientists at Children's Hospital, Boston, to be published in the October issue of Diabetes Care. If the particles of water pollution That is too much enters the body, the body will of changed from inflamed.
Well, this inflammation will of interfere with the action of insulin. Due to impaired insulin resistance earnest Happen (rejection) of insulin in the body That makes people get diabetes.
This finding is consistent with previous laboratory research found That That insulin resistance is Increased in Rats exposed to particle pollution in the water and Also an increase of markers of inflammation in cans That Contribute to insulin resistance.
In the latest study, Researchers focused on fine particles measuring 0.1 to 2.5 nanometers, or known as PM2.5, the which is the main component found in fog and smoke exhaust from motor vehicles. The result, for EACH 10 g/m3 increase is in PM2.5 exposure, there is' Increased 1 percent prevalence of diabetes.
"In Addition to research in the laboratory, We Also incorporate data from the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) with data from the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) and U.S. census to Ensure the prevalence of diabetes of Adults," said John Brownstein, PhD , of Children's Hospital Informatics Program, Such as quoted from Medindia on Thursday (30/09/2010).
According to Brownstein, with risk factors for diabetes are well known, Such as obesity, geographic latitude, ethnicity and population density (a measure of urbanization), then water pollution May be one trigger the development of the disease diabetes.
"Many environmental factors cans That Contribute to the epidemic of diabetes around the world. In Addition to excess calories, pollution Could changed from an additional factor," notes Allison Goldfine, MD, head of clinical research at Joslin Diabetes Center.
Jumat, 10 Desember 2010
do you know pollution . . .?
Environmental Pollution
A). List how much pollution you know.
Introduction
In the pursuit of national development and Improving living standards of population, economic activities and development projects in the country is Inevitable Often people ignore the environmental problems arising from the implementation of economic activities and projects pembangunan.Kesan-negative effects of development and the Modernization Process Rush is more urgent and profound impact pencemaran.Kesemua negative impact on human health is increasingly threatened, economic resources and autonomy bumi.Untuk reduce the negative effects of development on the environment, all economic activities and development must be balanced with Efforts to management and conservation .
Pollution cans be defined as the removal of objects or materials result from human activities cause disturbance to the natural environment of comfort or independence Pollution kehidupan.Takrifan more information is in accordance with the Environment Quality Act, 1974 states That the which the Contamination was no change Either directly or indirectly to the physical properties, chemical, biological or radiation levels of any part of the environment by releasing, or lay waste to remove the prejudice keguanaan-beneficial use, that create a dangerous situation or Potentially dangerous to the health, safety or public welfare or other organisms, plants and animals.
Pollution cans be categorized and listed the Various forms of pollution:
Water 1.Pencemaran
2.Pencemaran water
3.Pencemaran sea
4.Pencemaran sound
5.Pencemaran land
6.Pencemaran heat
Rivers and ponds 7Pencemaran
The concept of pollution is dependent or independent of a measurement value or a set of factors cause pollution sendiri.Tanpa That this value, the concept of pollution into kabur.Misalnya, something That Becomes contaminated vegetables only derived from measurements Pls That the contents of a chemical in it was above the level of different chemical bahaya.Bahan Provide different levels of danger pula.Ini effects of chemicals on living Beings is berbeza.Lazimnya measurements of chemicals in the water and the water is determined in units of ppm (parts per million chemical solvent). Similarly, with the other pollutants measured by specific units.
B) Identify the actual sources Causing pollution.
UdaraMengikut Contamination Report Prepared by the Department of Environment, through the Consumer newspaper in 2001: The release of water pollutants in Malaysia was estimated at 933.000 tonnes setahun.Daripada this amount, the vehicle is a major source of pollution (58.1%), followed by power stations (23.9%), industrial fuel combustion (9.4%), processing industry (3.9%) and open burning (4.9%).
Water pollution occurs Pls' there is foreign matter in concentrations That interfere with or endanger people, plants, and property benda.Benda b inatang foreigners are in the form of dust, smoke, fog, steam and gas (carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides, hydrocarbons, Ozone, S ulfur oxide, the smell) or any mixture of these materials.
C). List how much pollution you know.
Introduction
In the pursuit of national development and Improving living standards of population, economic activities and development projects in the country is Inevitable Often people ignore the environmental problems arising from the implementation of economic activities and projects pembangunan.Kesan-negative effects of development and the Modernization Process Rush is more urgent and profound impact pencemaran.Kesemua negative impact on human health is increasingly threatened, economic resources and autonomy bumi.Untuk reduce the negative effects of development on the environment, all economic activities and development must be balanced with Efforts to management and conservation .
Pollution cans be defined as the removal of objects or materials result from human activities cause disturbance to the natural environment of comfort or independence Pollution kehidupan.Takrifan more information is in accordance with the Environment Quality Act, 1974 states That the which the Contamination was no change Either directly or indirectly to the physical properties, chemical, biological or radiation levels of any part of the environment by releasing, or lay waste to remove the prejudice keguanaan-beneficial use, that create a dangerous situation or Potentially dangerous to the health, safety or public welfare or other organisms, plants and animals.
The concept of pollution is dependent or independent of a measurement value or a set of factors cause pollution sendiri.Tanpa That this value, the concept of pollution into kabur.Misalnya, something That Becomes contaminated vegetables only derived from measurements Pls That the contents of a chemical in it was above the level of different chemical bahaya.Bahan Provide different levels of danger pula.Ini effects of chemicals on living Beings is berbeza.Lazimnya measurements of chemicals in the water and the water is determined in units of ppm (parts per million chemical solvent). Similarly, with the other pollutants measured by specific units.
Figure 1.1
Photo images show results of water pollution from industrial development.
Development without the planned management cans have an adverse effect That Would threaten the environmental quality vehicles in the country sekitar.Jumlah Increased Nearly 2-fold since 1980.Keadaan is harmful to the environment Because the carbon released by vehicles diosida affect human health and deplete Also the ozone layer.
It cans be explained the main causes of water pollution is a result of electric power plants, construction works, industries or Factories, motor vehicles and garbage burning sarap.Penderaan environment through water pollution arising from human actions Humans That Contribute sendiri.Setiap the environmental destruction That sekitar.Perokok blew smoke into the air, burning of waste in residential areas are not regulated as well have an impact on air pollution.
Water pollution
Water pollution means That changes occur in terms of content, condition and color That Is not Appropriate and earnest have an impact on people Pls digunakan.Pencemaran is valid both in terms of biological, chemical and pollution fizik.Bahan available in Various forms of gas, liquid and water cans pepejal.Pencemaran occur anywhere Nowhere berair.Oleh That is the Contamination of water pollution is so widespread as possible around the world.
Among the sources of water pollution are:
a.Sisa sisatosid Such a factory waste discharged into the river by the bertanggungjawab.Pembuangan not be easy Because this requires no disposal costs.
b.Pembuangan Such waste materials as trash, oil and excrement by Some individuals is Also a contributor to water pollution.
Also c.Penerokaan Help Contribute to the pollution air.Ini is Because, exploration has been conducted identify causes of soil Erosion and subsequent landslides occurred going into the river and into this mendakan.Mendakan mencetekkan the river water level and the next flood will from occur.
Some Towns and Villages to pump a variety of untreated wastes, while plants are Sometimes toxic waste into the sungai.Ini cans kill fish and animal species, Such as lain.Baja water and chemical pesticides Also Used by the Farmers are carried into the river by Rainwater and its sungai.Bahan these substances kill cans Various types of aquatic life.
Recklessness and Concerned solely with profits has blinded the hearts and feelings of human nature sekitar.Pengusaha factory, for example, Trying to save costs by taking the easy way out, throwing wastes into the river despite the impact on persekitaran.Selain, the lack of knowledge of the other owner is not Concerned industry and Trying to Avoid the safety standards prescribed Either in relation to human safety or environmental stability cans sekitar.Pembangunan not be blamed as the cause of environmental destruction is a Fictional manusia.Masalah sekitar.Pembangunan Should Be Seriously taken Because the river is the main source of water. The pace of industrial development, housing and the opening of new land, many Rivers That lost the ability to play back jadinya.Sekiranya this phenomenon continues, it is possible river networks contaminated Throughout the country were the resource persons.
3. Marine pollution
Among the sources of Contamination are:
Contaminated a.Sungai will of flow into the sea, and Brings with it pollution.
b.Sesetengah Towns and cities on the beach to Sewage pump directly into the sea.
That c.Minyak Tankers spilled from oil rigs and oil in the ocean spread, killing sea birds, clams, mussels and other wildlife.
d.Pencemaran arising from the disposal of wastes.
Washing powder processing industry has affected the water system in laut.Bahan chemicals, acids and organic materials Such as nutrients, radioactive material and contaminate marine gas rampant.
4. Soil pollution
Contamination of land means the act occurs on an area Until the color change, fertility and hakisan.Pencemaran the caused by Either form of waste water or contaminants pepejal.Bahan consists of organic pollutants, chemical or physical.
Among the sources of Contamination are:
a.Pembuangan waste materials from plants Such as oil, toxic wastes and plant residues.
b.Pembuangan garbage everywhere is a contributor to this pollution
. C. The use of pesticides exaggeratedly May be one source of pollution.
d.Sikap Man Who rarely appreciate the values found in the area Maksum interesting and beautiful.
Felling of trees and timber industry in the region, aimed ostensibly to drive the economic development of downstream industries for negara.Kesan logging has changed the way the terrain in the area.
Soil Contamination Also affects the daily activities of manusia.Jika Almost all places have been polluted, people have not Had the opportunity to see the natural beauty has been contaminated ini.Tanah That no longer Suitable for agriculture carried out for chemicals will of the kill the plants are Grown .
Conversion of forest land to agriculture has resulted in widespread deforestation. Apart from reducing the amount of the original forests and forest biodiversity and wildlife, deforestation Also Contribute to soil Erosion, sedimentation, damage to slopes and landslides in Malaysia. Continuing deforestation and the destruction of forests in water catchment areas will from affect the water supply and quality of water resources, affecting the ability of the lawyer-drawdown of ground water and cause more flooding in lowland areas.
Development is not effectively Designed as an active logging and rampant land clearing will from adversely affect the environment Such stores as soil Erosion place, climate change, the greenhouse effect and flooding.
5.Pencemaran sound
That noise is excessive noise hurts the ears.
Noise pollution is usually More Than 80 dB (A) and the pollution situation and is in accordance with wishes masing.Pencemaran Their cans be divided into four parts, namely noise, interlacing, noise selenjar, the noise fluctuations and the sound bounces.
Among the sources of pollution are:
a.Bunyi motor vehicle is a contributor to this pollution.
b.Industri-industry is Also a contributor to the pollution-bunyi.Bunyi sound comes from the use of machinery, vehicles and so forth.
Also c.Kuari an agent of pollution bunyi.Bunyi crusher, drill machine and rock to a truck unloading a source of pollution.
Also d.Bunyi resulted from the development process.
Conclusion
Malaysia is a country That is growing rapidly and progress in Various bidang.Namun the rapid growth, many are not aware That They Also have an impact on the natural side-events sekitar.Kegiatan manufacturing company or smoke haze-Causing water pollution and toxic waste air.Selain pollution, the exploration and development activities has affected Forest Ecosystems of the earth and cause Erosion tanah.Terdapat That other sources cause pollution, Such as That transportation activities pollute the water and water, and farming activities.
Actually, the main cause of environmental Degradation That is human invention does not have the sensitive social issues in the community.
Too bad for the environment, comply with the law, Responsible, may make pertimbangan.Maka, Humans need to rationally deal with this situation.
Some of the measures to overcome environmental pollution
A. USE MODERN TECHNOLOGY
The use of modern technologies to reduce environmental pollution is very penting.Sebagai example, without modern technology, it is not possible to clean up oil spills in laut.Dengan modern technology, solid waste Such as old newspapers, old magazines, paper, cloth, plastic and glass cans be recycled. Would this reduce the pollution certainly the caused by solid waste management is not perfect. Waste materials be converted to agricultural cans That materials are useful and less dangerous. For example, garbage May be Used as fuel to generate electricity. Agricultural waste Such as palm oil waste cans be Used to Produce methane.
In Addition, with modern technology, the filter was Designed and installed in the vehicle exhaust and industrial smokestack Factories. Use of unleaded petrol is Also a result of the use of modern technology. This will of reduce the lead content in the atmosphere of danger to human health.
Research on palm oil as a substitute for fossil fuels is an effort to encourage the reduction of environmental pollution. With modern technology, machinery and machines cans be modified to be less polluting.
B. ENVIRONMENTAL EDUCATION CURRICULUM Through The
Responsibility to Ensure a clean country, not only lies with the government but Should Be shouldered by all parties. To establish the people in charge of the environment, They Should have realized. To create awareness Among the people, the best way is through education. Reasons of environmental education Is That it is Necessary to Form Positive Attitudes Towards the environment Itself. With the awareness of an individual, he is aware of the importance of environmental quality are maintained. This is Because They already know what problems That Might Arise from the which the act is not Responsible for polluting the environment. Environmental education was formally introduced at the primary level through the Integrated Curriculum for Primary Schools (KBSR) in the subjects of Nature and Man. Next is the secondary level through the Integrated Curriculum for Secondary Schools (KBSM), particularly in science subjects Such as biology. The third and final stage is higher through the course of Environmental Sciences and Biology Persekitaran.Pendidikan environment to the general public are presented through the media. Among the mass media play an Important role is in newspapers, magazines, television and radio.Selain, there are government and private agencies are conducting campaigns and lectures.
ACTIVITIES AND TO PROTECT THE ENVIRONMENT Recommendations
Given the current world is threatened by pollution hazards, the steps taken Should Be appropriately and effectively. Measures to protect the environment is not the responsibility of government alone. It is the responsibility of all parties. The government ought to tighten the laws protecting the environment. Patrols by the DOE Should Be Increased. The operators, especially operators of large-scale plants Should Be getting advice from the Environment Department prior to any industrial operation carried out. Users of the most Important role in addressing pollution problems. As a Responsible consumer, Should We choose the items That causes the least pollution. Without demand for goods That cause pollution, plant operators will from Also begin using the materials more Suitable to the environment. For example, Should We choose pesticides in Aerosol Cans That do not contain CFCs. If all parties are working together to address the pollution problem, of course, the earth will from some of the extended age.
Among the activities That cans protect the environment are:
a.Pameran
b.Kempen-campaign
c.Pertandingan
Leisure d.Projek Environment
Exhibition OF ENVIRONMENTAL Pollution A.
The exhibition is meant here is an exhibition of all materials related to the issue of pollution. This exhibition will from be conducted in schools and public places like public libraries. May this exhibition include environmental issues, the Reasons for the pollution, its impacts and what cans be done to reduce pencemaran.Bahan materials like charts, and newspaper cuttings polster May be displayed. In Addition, video tapes and slides are available with respect to Such pollution cans cans ditayangkan.Pameran Also raise awareness and teach people to protect the environment.
B. CAMPAIGN TO PROTECT THE ENVIRONMENT
Participate in a campaign to protect the environment is a healthy and highly recommended. Among the campaigns That protect the environment is to love our river campaign, recycling campaigns, friend of nature, and so forth. These cans campaigns affect the depth of its participants. In this campaign, participants will from learn about the importance of protecting the environment and Ways of managing waste to just bring a minimum pollution to the environment. In Addition, a recycling campaign to encourage consumers to recycle cans That materials be recycled. Indirectly, Also, participants will from learn to water-wise. Friends of nature has been conducting Various Such activities as tree-planting flowers, cleaning the dirty area and so on. Planting flowers beautify will of the Scenery of the area. In Addition, it cans Also, filtering particles of dust in the air. Green plants are Also Important for reducing the oxygen content cans cause the greenhouse effect. The campaign has been running a lot of love the river activities to clean up the Rivers. Besides cleaning, Also They instill awareness of the local population about the importance of Rivers.
C. COMPETITION
Competition like quiz about environmental pollution cans increase of knowledge and awareness about the importance of protecting nature sekitar.Dengan hold quizzes, participants will from the try to understand whether it is pollution. In this process, earnest They get the knowledge. Also They are likely, to find a solution to the problem of pollution. This Would certainly bring benefits to the participant and the environment. Poster drawing contest Also associated pollution is good. It will of not only bring awareness to the participants only, but the message will from Also be up to the public. In Addition to the mentioned competition, essay writing and poetry Competitions as well as to Provide awareness to the public.
D. DISCLOSURE OF MASS MEDIA
In today's mass media play an Important role in shaping the thinking of all users. Thus, the existence of mass media exposure on the issue of pollution, the public will of be careful in dealing pollution problems. So far, most media to make disclosure of the issue of Contamination is the magazines and newspapers. Also Television has made this disclosure and examples TV3 TV7 but it is too little emphasis keutamanya.
A). List how much pollution you know.
Introduction
In the pursuit of national development and Improving living standards of population, economic activities and development projects in the country is Inevitable Often people ignore the environmental problems arising from the implementation of economic activities and projects pembangunan.Kesan-negative effects of development and the Modernization Process Rush is more urgent and profound impact pencemaran.Kesemua negative impact on human health is increasingly threatened, economic resources and autonomy bumi.Untuk reduce the negative effects of development on the environment, all economic activities and development must be balanced with Efforts to management and conservation .
Pollution cans be defined as the removal of objects or materials result from human activities cause disturbance to the natural environment of comfort or independence Pollution kehidupan.Takrifan more information is in accordance with the Environment Quality Act, 1974 states That the which the Contamination was no change Either directly or indirectly to the physical properties, chemical, biological or radiation levels of any part of the environment by releasing, or lay waste to remove the prejudice keguanaan-beneficial use, that create a dangerous situation or Potentially dangerous to the health, safety or public welfare or other organisms, plants and animals.
Pollution cans be categorized and listed the Various forms of pollution:
Water 1.Pencemaran
2.Pencemaran water
3.Pencemaran sea
4.Pencemaran sound
5.Pencemaran land
6.Pencemaran heat
Rivers and ponds 7Pencemaran
The concept of pollution is dependent or independent of a measurement value or a set of factors cause pollution sendiri.Tanpa That this value, the concept of pollution into kabur.Misalnya, something That Becomes contaminated vegetables only derived from measurements Pls That the contents of a chemical in it was above the level of different chemical bahaya.Bahan Provide different levels of danger pula.Ini effects of chemicals on living Beings is berbeza.Lazimnya measurements of chemicals in the water and the water is determined in units of ppm (parts per million chemical solvent). Similarly, with the other pollutants measured by specific units.
B) Identify the actual sources Causing pollution.
UdaraMengikut Contamination Report Prepared by the Department of Environment, through the Consumer newspaper in 2001: The release of water pollutants in Malaysia was estimated at 933.000 tonnes setahun.Daripada this amount, the vehicle is a major source of pollution (58.1%), followed by power stations (23.9%), industrial fuel combustion (9.4%), processing industry (3.9%) and open burning (4.9%).
Water pollution occurs Pls' there is foreign matter in concentrations That interfere with or endanger people, plants, and property benda.Benda b inatang foreigners are in the form of dust, smoke, fog, steam and gas (carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides, hydrocarbons, Ozone, S ulfur oxide, the smell) or any mixture of these materials.
C). List how much pollution you know.
Introduction
In the pursuit of national development and Improving living standards of population, economic activities and development projects in the country is Inevitable Often people ignore the environmental problems arising from the implementation of economic activities and projects pembangunan.Kesan-negative effects of development and the Modernization Process Rush is more urgent and profound impact pencemaran.Kesemua negative impact on human health is increasingly threatened, economic resources and autonomy bumi.Untuk reduce the negative effects of development on the environment, all economic activities and development must be balanced with Efforts to management and conservation .
Pollution cans be defined as the removal of objects or materials result from human activities cause disturbance to the natural environment of comfort or independence Pollution kehidupan.Takrifan more information is in accordance with the Environment Quality Act, 1974 states That the which the Contamination was no change Either directly or indirectly to the physical properties, chemical, biological or radiation levels of any part of the environment by releasing, or lay waste to remove the prejudice keguanaan-beneficial use, that create a dangerous situation or Potentially dangerous to the health, safety or public welfare or other organisms, plants and animals.
The concept of pollution is dependent or independent of a measurement value or a set of factors cause pollution sendiri.Tanpa That this value, the concept of pollution into kabur.Misalnya, something That Becomes contaminated vegetables only derived from measurements Pls That the contents of a chemical in it was above the level of different chemical bahaya.Bahan Provide different levels of danger pula.Ini effects of chemicals on living Beings is berbeza.Lazimnya measurements of chemicals in the water and the water is determined in units of ppm (parts per million chemical solvent). Similarly, with the other pollutants measured by specific units.
Figure 1.1
Photo images show results of water pollution from industrial development.
Development without the planned management cans have an adverse effect That Would threaten the environmental quality vehicles in the country sekitar.Jumlah Increased Nearly 2-fold since 1980.Keadaan is harmful to the environment Because the carbon released by vehicles diosida affect human health and deplete Also the ozone layer.
It cans be explained the main causes of water pollution is a result of electric power plants, construction works, industries or Factories, motor vehicles and garbage burning sarap.Penderaan environment through water pollution arising from human actions Humans That Contribute sendiri.Setiap the environmental destruction That sekitar.Perokok blew smoke into the air, burning of waste in residential areas are not regulated as well have an impact on air pollution.
Water pollution
Water pollution means That changes occur in terms of content, condition and color That Is not Appropriate and earnest have an impact on people Pls digunakan.Pencemaran is valid both in terms of biological, chemical and pollution fizik.Bahan available in Various forms of gas, liquid and water cans pepejal.Pencemaran occur anywhere Nowhere berair.Oleh That is the Contamination of water pollution is so widespread as possible around the world.
Among the sources of water pollution are:
a.Sisa sisatosid Such a factory waste discharged into the river by the bertanggungjawab.Pembuangan not be easy Because this requires no disposal costs.
b.Pembuangan Such waste materials as trash, oil and excrement by Some individuals is Also a contributor to water pollution.
Also c.Penerokaan Help Contribute to the pollution air.Ini is Because, exploration has been conducted identify causes of soil Erosion and subsequent landslides occurred going into the river and into this mendakan.Mendakan mencetekkan the river water level and the next flood will from occur.
Some Towns and Villages to pump a variety of untreated wastes, while plants are Sometimes toxic waste into the sungai.Ini cans kill fish and animal species, Such as lain.Baja water and chemical pesticides Also Used by the Farmers are carried into the river by Rainwater and its sungai.Bahan these substances kill cans Various types of aquatic life.
Recklessness and Concerned solely with profits has blinded the hearts and feelings of human nature sekitar.Pengusaha factory, for example, Trying to save costs by taking the easy way out, throwing wastes into the river despite the impact on persekitaran.Selain, the lack of knowledge of the other owner is not Concerned industry and Trying to Avoid the safety standards prescribed Either in relation to human safety or environmental stability cans sekitar.Pembangunan not be blamed as the cause of environmental destruction is a Fictional manusia.Masalah sekitar.Pembangunan Should Be Seriously taken Because the river is the main source of water. The pace of industrial development, housing and the opening of new land, many Rivers That lost the ability to play back jadinya.Sekiranya this phenomenon continues, it is possible river networks contaminated Throughout the country were the resource persons.
3. Marine pollution
Among the sources of Contamination are:
Contaminated a.Sungai will of flow into the sea, and Brings with it pollution.
b.Sesetengah Towns and cities on the beach to Sewage pump directly into the sea.
That c.Minyak Tankers spilled from oil rigs and oil in the ocean spread, killing sea birds, clams, mussels and other wildlife.
d.Pencemaran arising from the disposal of wastes.
Washing powder processing industry has affected the water system in laut.Bahan chemicals, acids and organic materials Such as nutrients, radioactive material and contaminate marine gas rampant.
4. Soil pollution
Contamination of land means the act occurs on an area Until the color change, fertility and hakisan.Pencemaran the caused by Either form of waste water or contaminants pepejal.Bahan consists of organic pollutants, chemical or physical.
Among the sources of Contamination are:
a.Pembuangan waste materials from plants Such as oil, toxic wastes and plant residues.
b.Pembuangan garbage everywhere is a contributor to this pollution
. C. The use of pesticides exaggeratedly May be one source of pollution.
d.Sikap Man Who rarely appreciate the values found in the area Maksum interesting and beautiful.
Felling of trees and timber industry in the region, aimed ostensibly to drive the economic development of downstream industries for negara.Kesan logging has changed the way the terrain in the area.
Soil Contamination Also affects the daily activities of manusia.Jika Almost all places have been polluted, people have not Had the opportunity to see the natural beauty has been contaminated ini.Tanah That no longer Suitable for agriculture carried out for chemicals will of the kill the plants are Grown .
Conversion of forest land to agriculture has resulted in widespread deforestation. Apart from reducing the amount of the original forests and forest biodiversity and wildlife, deforestation Also Contribute to soil Erosion, sedimentation, damage to slopes and landslides in Malaysia. Continuing deforestation and the destruction of forests in water catchment areas will from affect the water supply and quality of water resources, affecting the ability of the lawyer-drawdown of ground water and cause more flooding in lowland areas.
Development is not effectively Designed as an active logging and rampant land clearing will from adversely affect the environment Such stores as soil Erosion place, climate change, the greenhouse effect and flooding.
5.Pencemaran sound
That noise is excessive noise hurts the ears.
Noise pollution is usually More Than 80 dB (A) and the pollution situation and is in accordance with wishes masing.Pencemaran Their cans be divided into four parts, namely noise, interlacing, noise selenjar, the noise fluctuations and the sound bounces.
Among the sources of pollution are:
a.Bunyi motor vehicle is a contributor to this pollution.
b.Industri-industry is Also a contributor to the pollution-bunyi.Bunyi sound comes from the use of machinery, vehicles and so forth.
Also c.Kuari an agent of pollution bunyi.Bunyi crusher, drill machine and rock to a truck unloading a source of pollution.
Also d.Bunyi resulted from the development process.
Conclusion
Malaysia is a country That is growing rapidly and progress in Various bidang.Namun the rapid growth, many are not aware That They Also have an impact on the natural side-events sekitar.Kegiatan manufacturing company or smoke haze-Causing water pollution and toxic waste air.Selain pollution, the exploration and development activities has affected Forest Ecosystems of the earth and cause Erosion tanah.Terdapat That other sources cause pollution, Such as That transportation activities pollute the water and water, and farming activities.
Actually, the main cause of environmental Degradation That is human invention does not have the sensitive social issues in the community.
Too bad for the environment, comply with the law, Responsible, may make pertimbangan.Maka, Humans need to rationally deal with this situation.
Some of the measures to overcome environmental pollution
A. USE MODERN TECHNOLOGY
The use of modern technologies to reduce environmental pollution is very penting.Sebagai example, without modern technology, it is not possible to clean up oil spills in laut.Dengan modern technology, solid waste Such as old newspapers, old magazines, paper, cloth, plastic and glass cans be recycled. Would this reduce the pollution certainly the caused by solid waste management is not perfect. Waste materials be converted to agricultural cans That materials are useful and less dangerous. For example, garbage May be Used as fuel to generate electricity. Agricultural waste Such as palm oil waste cans be Used to Produce methane.
In Addition, with modern technology, the filter was Designed and installed in the vehicle exhaust and industrial smokestack Factories. Use of unleaded petrol is Also a result of the use of modern technology. This will of reduce the lead content in the atmosphere of danger to human health.
Research on palm oil as a substitute for fossil fuels is an effort to encourage the reduction of environmental pollution. With modern technology, machinery and machines cans be modified to be less polluting.
B. ENVIRONMENTAL EDUCATION CURRICULUM Through The
Responsibility to Ensure a clean country, not only lies with the government but Should Be shouldered by all parties. To establish the people in charge of the environment, They Should have realized. To create awareness Among the people, the best way is through education. Reasons of environmental education Is That it is Necessary to Form Positive Attitudes Towards the environment Itself. With the awareness of an individual, he is aware of the importance of environmental quality are maintained. This is Because They already know what problems That Might Arise from the which the act is not Responsible for polluting the environment. Environmental education was formally introduced at the primary level through the Integrated Curriculum for Primary Schools (KBSR) in the subjects of Nature and Man. Next is the secondary level through the Integrated Curriculum for Secondary Schools (KBSM), particularly in science subjects Such as biology. The third and final stage is higher through the course of Environmental Sciences and Biology Persekitaran.Pendidikan environment to the general public are presented through the media. Among the mass media play an Important role is in newspapers, magazines, television and radio.Selain, there are government and private agencies are conducting campaigns and lectures.
ACTIVITIES AND TO PROTECT THE ENVIRONMENT Recommendations
Given the current world is threatened by pollution hazards, the steps taken Should Be appropriately and effectively. Measures to protect the environment is not the responsibility of government alone. It is the responsibility of all parties. The government ought to tighten the laws protecting the environment. Patrols by the DOE Should Be Increased. The operators, especially operators of large-scale plants Should Be getting advice from the Environment Department prior to any industrial operation carried out. Users of the most Important role in addressing pollution problems. As a Responsible consumer, Should We choose the items That causes the least pollution. Without demand for goods That cause pollution, plant operators will from Also begin using the materials more Suitable to the environment. For example, Should We choose pesticides in Aerosol Cans That do not contain CFCs. If all parties are working together to address the pollution problem, of course, the earth will from some of the extended age.
Among the activities That cans protect the environment are:
a.Pameran
b.Kempen-campaign
c.Pertandingan
Leisure d.Projek Environment
Exhibition OF ENVIRONMENTAL Pollution A.
The exhibition is meant here is an exhibition of all materials related to the issue of pollution. This exhibition will from be conducted in schools and public places like public libraries. May this exhibition include environmental issues, the Reasons for the pollution, its impacts and what cans be done to reduce pencemaran.Bahan materials like charts, and newspaper cuttings polster May be displayed. In Addition, video tapes and slides are available with respect to Such pollution cans cans ditayangkan.Pameran Also raise awareness and teach people to protect the environment.
B. CAMPAIGN TO PROTECT THE ENVIRONMENT
Participate in a campaign to protect the environment is a healthy and highly recommended. Among the campaigns That protect the environment is to love our river campaign, recycling campaigns, friend of nature, and so forth. These cans campaigns affect the depth of its participants. In this campaign, participants will from learn about the importance of protecting the environment and Ways of managing waste to just bring a minimum pollution to the environment. In Addition, a recycling campaign to encourage consumers to recycle cans That materials be recycled. Indirectly, Also, participants will from learn to water-wise. Friends of nature has been conducting Various Such activities as tree-planting flowers, cleaning the dirty area and so on. Planting flowers beautify will of the Scenery of the area. In Addition, it cans Also, filtering particles of dust in the air. Green plants are Also Important for reducing the oxygen content cans cause the greenhouse effect. The campaign has been running a lot of love the river activities to clean up the Rivers. Besides cleaning, Also They instill awareness of the local population about the importance of Rivers.
C. COMPETITION
Competition like quiz about environmental pollution cans increase of knowledge and awareness about the importance of protecting nature sekitar.Dengan hold quizzes, participants will from the try to understand whether it is pollution. In this process, earnest They get the knowledge. Also They are likely, to find a solution to the problem of pollution. This Would certainly bring benefits to the participant and the environment. Poster drawing contest Also associated pollution is good. It will of not only bring awareness to the participants only, but the message will from Also be up to the public. In Addition to the mentioned competition, essay writing and poetry Competitions as well as to Provide awareness to the public.
D. DISCLOSURE OF MASS MEDIA
In today's mass media play an Important role in shaping the thinking of all users. Thus, the existence of mass media exposure on the issue of pollution, the public will of be careful in dealing pollution problems. So far, most media to make disclosure of the issue of Contamination is the magazines and newspapers. Also Television has made this disclosure and examples TV3 TV7 but it is too little emphasis keutamanya.
Tehran city were the resource persons closed due to Air Pollution
The high levels of water pollution Officials Forced to close the Iranian government offices, banks and schools in Tehran.
Tehran city looks like a misty effect obscured by water pollution.
Iranian Officials Had Announced on Wednesday as a holiday in the capital Tehran, Because of the high levels of water pollution. The announcement was made on government offices, banks and schools closed.
Head of the Meteorology of Iran Parviz Rezazadeh Mehr news agency toll That the geographical position of the capital, surrounded by mountains and its position in the basin, Increasing water pollution problems in the city.
The capital of Iran During this combat the worsening pollution in recent years, as population growth, more cars and other vehicles continue to use leaded That gas.
Iranian Officials said the establishment of a holiday due to pollution the caused loss of business worth 130 million dollars per day in the Iranian economy.
The high levels of water pollution Officials Forced to close the Iranian government offices, banks and schools in Tehran.
Tehran city looks like a misty effect obscured by water pollution.
Iranian Officials Had Announced on Wednesday as a holiday in the capital Tehran, Because of the high levels of water pollution. The announcement was made on government offices, banks and schools closed.
Head of the Meteorology of Iran Parviz Rezazadeh Mehr news agency toll That the geographical position of the capital, surrounded by mountains and its position in the basin, Increasing water pollution problems in the city.
The capital of Iran During this combat the worsening pollution in recent years, as population growth, more cars and other vehicles continue to use leaded That gas.
Iranian Officials said the establishment of a holiday due to pollution the caused loss of business worth 130 million dollars per day in the Iranian economy.
What is pollution? What is pollution?
Pollution is the entry of contaminants into the environment. Pollution is the entry of contaminants into the environment. Pollution caused by industrial and commercial waste, agricultural practices, everyday human activities and in particular, mode of transportation. Pollution the caused by industrial and commercial waste, agricultural practices, human Everyday activities and in particular, modes of transportation. No matter where you go and what you do, there are the remnants of pollution. No matter WHERE you go and what you do, there are the remnants of pollution. Pollution has a detrimental effect on every living creature in an environment, making it virtually impossible to sustain life. Pollution has a detrimental effect on every living creature in the environment, making it virtually impossible to sustain life.
Why various types of pollution? Rev Various types of pollution?
Pollution harming Earth's environment and its inhabitants in many ways. Pollution harming Earth's environment and its inhabitants in many ways. Three main types of pollution are: Three main types of pollution are:
1. 1. Soil Pollution Soil pollution is pollution-of the earth's natural ground level by industrial, commercial, domestic and agricultural activities. Soil Pollution Soil pollution is pollution-of the earth's natural ground level by industrial, commercial, domestic and agricultural activities.
What sources of soil pollution? What sources of soil pollution?
Some of the main contributors to soil contamination are: Some of the main contributors to soil Contamination acres:
Chemical and nuclear plants and nuclear plants Chemical
Industrial plants Industrial plants
Mining Mining
Littering Pollute
Crowded crowded landfills landfills
Deforestation Deforestation
Construction debris Construction debris
Oil Refinery Refinery
Human feces feces
Oil and antifreeze leaked from cars Oil and antifreeze leaking from cars
How to Prevent How To Prevent Land Pollution Land Pollution
The best way to prevent soil pollution is to recycle. The Best Way to Prevent soil pollution is to recycle. Here are some other ways we can reduce the pollution of land: Here Are Some Ways We Can other reduce the pollution of land:
Do not use pesticides Do not use pesticides
Use drip trays to collect engine oil drip Use Trays to collect engine oil
Buy products with little packaging products Buy That have a small package
Do not dump motor oil in the ground Do not dump motor oil in soil
Reuse any item that you can Reuse That any item you cans
Buy Buy biodegradable products biodegradable products
Storing all liquid chemicals and waste in spill-proof containers Storing all liquid chemicals and waste in spill-proof containers
Eat organic foods grown without pesticides Eat Grown without pesticides organic foods
2. 2. Air pollution - Air pollution is the accumulation of harmful substances into the atmosphere that the danger of human life and other living matter. Water pollution - Water pollution is the accumulation of harmful substances into the atmosphere That the danger of human life and other living matter.
What sources of air pollution? What sources of water pollution?
Some of the major contributors to air pollution are: Some of the major contributors to air pollution are:
Coal combustion of coal combustion
Acid rain Acid rain
Noise pollution from cars and construction Noise pollution from cars and construction
The power plant power plant
Manufacturing Manufacturing buildings buildings
Automobile Automobile emissions emissions
Tobacco smoke Tobacco Smoke
Large ships big vessel
Paint fumes Paint fumes
Aerosol spray aerosol spray
Fire Fire
Nuclear Weapons Nuclear Weapons
How to Prevent Air Pollution How to Prevent Water Pollution
The number one way to prevent air pollution is to walk or bicycle more and drive less. The number one way to Prevent water pollution is to walk or bicycle more and drive less. This will prevent fossil fuel than air pollution. This will of fossil fuels Than Prevent water pollution. Here are some other ways to prevent air pollution: Here Are Some Ways to Prevent other water pollution:
Carpool with friends and co-workers to carpool with friends and co-workers
Do not smoke Do not smoke
Use a push mower or electric than a gas-powered push mower Use a electric or gas-powered rather Than one
Do not use harsh chemical cleaners that may emit smoke Do not use harsh chemical cleaners emit smoke That May
Check your gas and heating equipment regularly Check your gas and heating equipment regularly
Keep your car maintenance up-to-date Keep your car maintenance up-to-date
If you must drive, do your duty at any one time If you must drive, do your job at a time
Do not buy products that come in aerosol spray cans Do not buy products come in aerosol sprays That Cans
Avoid using lighter fluid when grilling outside Avoid using lighter fluid outside grilling Pls
When you are driving to accelerate slowly and use cruise control When you are driving to Accelerate Slowly and use cruise control
Always replace your car's air filter Always replace your car's air filter
3. 3. Water pollution - Water pollution is the introduction of chemical, biological and physical material into a large body of water that lowers the quality of life that live in it and consume it. Water pollution - Water pollution is the introduction of chemical, biological and physical material into a large body of water That lowers the quality of life That live in it and consume it.
What sources of water pollution? What sources of water pollution?
Some of the major contributors to water pollution are: Some of the major contributors to water pollution are:
Waste treatment facilities Waste treatment facilities
Mining Mining
Pesticides, herbicides and fertilizers, Pesticides, Herbicides and Fertilizers
Human feces feces
Oil Spill Oil Spill
Factory Factory
Refinery Factory
Failed septic systems failed septic systems
Soap from washing your car Soap from washing your car
Oil and antifreeze leaked from cars Oil and antifreeze leaking from cars
Household chemical Household chemicals
Animal manure waste
How to Prevent Water Pollution How to Prevent Water Pollution
The best way to prevent water pollution is to not throw garbage and other harmful chemicals into our water supply. The Best Way to Prevent water pollution is to not throw garbage and other harmful chemicals into our water supply. Here are some more ways you can prevent water pollution: Here Are Some Ways you more cans Prevent water pollution:
Check your septic system every 3-5 years Check your septic system every 3-5 years
Avoid using pesticides and fertilizers that can escape into the water system Avoid using pesticides and Fertilizers That cans escaped into the water system
Sweep your way is not watered down Sweep your way is not watered down
Always your waste tank pump-b Always your waste tank pump-b
Published: June 9, 2010 Updated: October 5, 2010 Published: June 09, 2010 Updated: October 05, 2010
Pollution is the entry of contaminants into the environment. Pollution is the entry of contaminants into the environment. Pollution caused by industrial and commercial waste, agricultural practices, everyday human activities and in particular, mode of transportation. Pollution the caused by industrial and commercial waste, agricultural practices, human Everyday activities and in particular, modes of transportation. No matter where you go and what you do, there are the remnants of pollution. No matter WHERE you go and what you do, there are the remnants of pollution. Pollution has a detrimental effect on every living creature in an environment, making it virtually impossible to sustain life. Pollution has a detrimental effect on every living creature in the environment, making it virtually impossible to sustain life.
Why various types of pollution? Rev Various types of pollution?
Pollution harming Earth's environment and its inhabitants in many ways. Pollution harming Earth's environment and its inhabitants in many ways. Three main types of pollution are: Three main types of pollution are:
1. 1. Soil Pollution Soil pollution is pollution-of the earth's natural ground level by industrial, commercial, domestic and agricultural activities. Soil Pollution Soil pollution is pollution-of the earth's natural ground level by industrial, commercial, domestic and agricultural activities.
What sources of soil pollution? What sources of soil pollution?
Some of the main contributors to soil contamination are: Some of the main contributors to soil Contamination acres:
Chemical and nuclear plants and nuclear plants Chemical
Industrial plants Industrial plants
Mining Mining
Littering Pollute
Crowded crowded landfills landfills
Deforestation Deforestation
Construction debris Construction debris
Oil Refinery Refinery
Human feces feces
Oil and antifreeze leaked from cars Oil and antifreeze leaking from cars
How to Prevent How To Prevent Land Pollution Land Pollution
The best way to prevent soil pollution is to recycle. The Best Way to Prevent soil pollution is to recycle. Here are some other ways we can reduce the pollution of land: Here Are Some Ways We Can other reduce the pollution of land:
Do not use pesticides Do not use pesticides
Use drip trays to collect engine oil drip Use Trays to collect engine oil
Buy products with little packaging products Buy That have a small package
Do not dump motor oil in the ground Do not dump motor oil in soil
Reuse any item that you can Reuse That any item you cans
Buy Buy biodegradable products biodegradable products
Storing all liquid chemicals and waste in spill-proof containers Storing all liquid chemicals and waste in spill-proof containers
Eat organic foods grown without pesticides Eat Grown without pesticides organic foods
2. 2. Air pollution - Air pollution is the accumulation of harmful substances into the atmosphere that the danger of human life and other living matter. Water pollution - Water pollution is the accumulation of harmful substances into the atmosphere That the danger of human life and other living matter.
What sources of air pollution? What sources of water pollution?
Some of the major contributors to air pollution are: Some of the major contributors to air pollution are:
Coal combustion of coal combustion
Acid rain Acid rain
Noise pollution from cars and construction Noise pollution from cars and construction
The power plant power plant
Manufacturing Manufacturing buildings buildings
Automobile Automobile emissions emissions
Tobacco smoke Tobacco Smoke
Large ships big vessel
Paint fumes Paint fumes
Aerosol spray aerosol spray
Fire Fire
Nuclear Weapons Nuclear Weapons
How to Prevent Air Pollution How to Prevent Water Pollution
The number one way to prevent air pollution is to walk or bicycle more and drive less. The number one way to Prevent water pollution is to walk or bicycle more and drive less. This will prevent fossil fuel than air pollution. This will of fossil fuels Than Prevent water pollution. Here are some other ways to prevent air pollution: Here Are Some Ways to Prevent other water pollution:
Carpool with friends and co-workers to carpool with friends and co-workers
Do not smoke Do not smoke
Use a push mower or electric than a gas-powered push mower Use a electric or gas-powered rather Than one
Do not use harsh chemical cleaners that may emit smoke Do not use harsh chemical cleaners emit smoke That May
Check your gas and heating equipment regularly Check your gas and heating equipment regularly
Keep your car maintenance up-to-date Keep your car maintenance up-to-date
If you must drive, do your duty at any one time If you must drive, do your job at a time
Do not buy products that come in aerosol spray cans Do not buy products come in aerosol sprays That Cans
Avoid using lighter fluid when grilling outside Avoid using lighter fluid outside grilling Pls
When you are driving to accelerate slowly and use cruise control When you are driving to Accelerate Slowly and use cruise control
Always replace your car's air filter Always replace your car's air filter
3. 3. Water pollution - Water pollution is the introduction of chemical, biological and physical material into a large body of water that lowers the quality of life that live in it and consume it. Water pollution - Water pollution is the introduction of chemical, biological and physical material into a large body of water That lowers the quality of life That live in it and consume it.
What sources of water pollution? What sources of water pollution?
Some of the major contributors to water pollution are: Some of the major contributors to water pollution are:
Waste treatment facilities Waste treatment facilities
Mining Mining
Pesticides, herbicides and fertilizers, Pesticides, Herbicides and Fertilizers
Human feces feces
Oil Spill Oil Spill
Factory Factory
Refinery Factory
Failed septic systems failed septic systems
Soap from washing your car Soap from washing your car
Oil and antifreeze leaked from cars Oil and antifreeze leaking from cars
Household chemical Household chemicals
Animal manure waste
How to Prevent Water Pollution How to Prevent Water Pollution
The best way to prevent water pollution is to not throw garbage and other harmful chemicals into our water supply. The Best Way to Prevent water pollution is to not throw garbage and other harmful chemicals into our water supply. Here are some more ways you can prevent water pollution: Here Are Some Ways you more cans Prevent water pollution:
Check your septic system every 3-5 years Check your septic system every 3-5 years
Avoid using pesticides and fertilizers that can escape into the water system Avoid using pesticides and Fertilizers That cans escaped into the water system
Sweep your way is not watered down Sweep your way is not watered down
Always your waste tank pump-b Always your waste tank pump-b
Published: June 9, 2010 Updated: October 5, 2010 Published: June 09, 2010 Updated: October 05, 2010
GLOBAL DEVELOPMENT SEMINAR PAPERS & Issues (MTP 3012)
ENVIRONMENTAL pollution issues ARE IN NEED OF A GLOBAL JOINT RESEARCH IN INTERNATIONAL Issues. Discuss.
INTRODUCTION
If We look at the title of this discussion, it is a broad topic and many aspects cans be discussed. But if We Are careful with musing and deeply, We find That one thing That Should Be taken into account is the word 'needs with the research.
Based on the issues to be discussed 'needs joint research' That means the issue of pollution is a global issue Should Be discussed, thought out and dealt with at the international level. This is due to the pollution problem is happening all over the world has, is and will from be Experienced by all countries. Be Should Be Prudent measures planned to address this problem.
How do We Want to solve the above problem? How We answer or solve Them is dependent on our own perception of the environment. Also it reveals The Way We Live, is there a way of life We Can help protect the environment or vice versa?
Education Unit or the Malaysian Nature Society, Nature Society (MNS) Often receives inquiries about whether or how to conserve the natural environment Should Be Made by all parties. Just as the question whether an individual effort to conserve the environment while the problems have changed from increasingly complex.
If We are examining the causes of environmental problems, We found That most people due to the demand of industrial products. This led to the problem of earth pressure on the ability to Provide space and resources for this request.
Pressure on the environment consists of two forms.
• Firstly, the pressure of demand on natural resources, Such as fuel, water and soil.
• Secondly, That the industrial waste pollutes the water and the environment.
This resulted in serious pollution of the global greenhouse effect, acid rain, ozone and irreversible.
When We think about this global pollution, it is too Difficult for an individual is to improv the situation. May We wonder, what are the actions of an individual is Able to give any effect? However, We Should Be Aware That this is how serious the pollution is Actually the caused by individual actions as well. Thus, the individual actions cans Also help save our earth.
Definition
According to Dictionary of the Board of Language and Literature (DBP), said that pollution is an act That pollute (discolour) - environmental pollution - the act of polluting the environment clean of litter.
The types of pollution
There are many Ways Contamination cans occur. But They are divided into two types:
• the caused by Natural Pollution
Pollution is the caused by natural factors That pollution occurs automatically upon the occurrence of Natural Disasters Such as volcanic eruptions, hurricanes hit, Earthquakes and so on.
• Pollution the caused by human factors.
Pollution is the caused by human factors pollution by Humans, whether intentional or unintentional. Among Them are:
a. Water Pollution
For example, toxic gases, particles trapped in the results of emission, the effects of haze from open burning and so forth.
b. Water Pollution
For example, Sewage disposal, chemical waste, heat, garbage disposal and so forth.
c. Land Pollution
For example, the destruction of forests due to logging, dumping of chemical wastes and solid wastes.
Pollution Effects
• Threaten Human Health
As a result of environmental pollution, human health is Also affected. In our country today Such as the use of cars has Increased rapidly in the 1950s and 1960s Than Previously. Unfortunately, the technology of manufacturing of motor vehicles has the caused many problems Such as water pollution, noise pollution, environmental damage and natural wildlife.
Production of monoxide gas is a toxic gas cans That kill if retained in a closed area. Another kind of element That cans be produced through the use of a motor vehicle is a type of lead is very toxic chemical and cans cause brain damage, especially Among children.
Apart from that, as occurred in Minamata Bay, Japan, toxic pollution into the water Causing symptoms of numbness and tingling, numbness, headaches, blurred vision and expression That is not correct. Some end up with paralysis and Died there. Symptoms the caused by mercury poisoning has involved hundreds of fishing Families. It is known as Minamata disease.
• Threatened plants and animals
The effects of the pollution occurs not only Experienced by Humans, but Also affect other wildlife. The impacts of pollution That killed many marine organisms in the shallow waters of the effects of oil spills into the sea. When oil spills occur with many near the coast it forms a layer of oil is threatening marine life and birds. Also affected were the resource persons Tumpuhan plankton growth and fertility.
The impacts are chronic anomalia Considered, the enlargement of the body and the which is not normal behavior, and less immune to the use of water resources.
As another example keracun effects of mercury, a strange incident occurred in Minamata Bay, Japan, Nowhere Suddenly the birds are flying plummeted from the sky. Cat Walk terhoyong hayang with a mouth-foaming, then ran and Died uncertain.
Showa Maru ship 7700 tons of oil spilled in the Riau archipelago in 1975, affecting hundreds of hectares of tropical plants in the waters of Indonesia. Even after four years of That event occurs, the impact of the oil residue is still visible and were the resource persons destroying Marine Ecosystems in Southeast Asia known as aquaculture.
• Property Damage
Pollution the caused by natural factors like volcanic eruptions, hurricanes, Earthquakes, etc., Substantially affected by the destruction of property. As an example of a volcanic Eruption That events occurred in Indonesia, Mount Merapi has resulted in property damage. This is the caused by hot lava produced by the mountain. Among the property damage occurred That was the destruction of human habitation and infrastructure in the affected areas.
INTEGRATED Measures
Completion OF ENVIRONMENTAL Issues
The current development Towards making Malaysia a developed country has sparked a variety of situations. The rapid development of economic and industrial sectors as well as political and social stability has provided a comfortable standard of living of the people and the country's image in the eyes of the world. However, despite the comfort and the incidence of the development of a number of ancillary issues That May be detrimental to community life.
Pollution affecting installments countries, Such as coastal pollution and water pollution the caused by the haze requires the active participation of the countries involved to get the solutions together.
1. Marine Pollution
Malaysia is surrounded by the sea Nowhere there are a variety of activities Such as oil and water transportation. Hence, Malaysia is Also exposed to the risk of a major oil spill. Statistics Show That More Than 165 oil platforms have been carrying out exploration and production activities in the South China Sea and the Strait of Malacca shipping lanes is the best Among the busiest in the world. In 1995 there were the resource persons approximately 30.251 ships through the Straits of Melaka has Nearly 30% of the which are Tankers. (Source: Statistics, Peninsular Malaysia Marine Department)
Now, the sea threatened by human activities are passionate pursuit of materialistic without regard to environmental implications. Pollution in Southeast Asia is a result of Various factors. The diversity of these factors lead to the quality and quantity of sea water so badly contaminated with a vaccine with no mujarap to recover. Over 90% of marine pollution is the caused by human activities and the remaining 10% is due to the shipping sector. (Nature Society, the Oil Spill Poisoned waters of Malaysia, the Cosmic Council (March), DBP, Kuala Lumpur, 1995, p. :53-55)
• Measures and cooperation taken by the coastal countries in Southeast Asia.
There are three countries sharing the waters of Malaysia, Indonesia and Thailand. The three countries are involved in mutual cooperation to Achieve Common interests. Malaysia and Indonesia have cooperated in Efforts to defend the Sovereignty of the Straits of Malacca under the Sovereignty of both countries. Although the Straits of Malacca is a complicated issue, but he never Prevent Landlocked countries to concern uterus.
The incident occurred on January 6, 1967, forced the Landlocked countries to take a positive action on the incident. In the year of the Japanese oil tanker known as the Torry Canyon of the which was registered in Liberia has been involved in a collision. As a result of any oil spill Would the cost to clean it up. The total cost is required at the time was 16 million dollars.
Currently, Malaysia and Indonesia in ASEAN They have to channel Their views on issues of the Straits of Malacca. The plan, known as the National Contingency Plan Oil Spill Control was held at the Department of Environment. The objective of regional cooperation will from enable the immediate action taken to control the oil spill That is due to spills in Malaysian waters.
Apart from Malaysia, Landlocked countries Also Such as Singapore has established a number of specific bodies to solve this problem. That all bodies are established are located in Singapore under a single administration of the port known as Port of Singapore (PSA). Oil companies are Also Concerned with this issue. They have joined forces to form Tierred Area Response Capability (TARC). This Organization was formed in 1986 and consists of Esso Oil Company, Caltex and Mobile. This organization has many state of the art equipment That Can Be Used in the work of controlling and cleaning up the oil spill.
In 1992, Singapore has proposed the establishment of a special body to mengatasimasalah oil spill. East Asia Response Limited (Earl) has finally been formed and it consists of five major oil companies. The companies are Esso, Petronas, Caltex, Shell and Mobile. These associations differ from other organizations is its broad and not limited in the waters of Malaysia and Singapore only, but covers the Asia Pacific region Including Japan and Australia.
When an oil spill incident, the first step That must be done is to control the oil spill from spreading to other areas. Oil spills will from rapidly spread through the wind and the torrential flow of water currents. There are four Ways Used to control the oil spill:
I. How to hem and collect spillage
II. Dispersent and chemical use
III. Cleaning beaches
IV. Left alone
In Addition, there are many factors to be taken in controlling the oil spill from spreading. Among Them are:
I. The location of the spill
II. The quantity of the spill
III. Type of spill
IV. Sea conditions
V. Potential spill response materials
When oil spills occur, the Responsible Party will from the run the oil cleansing stages of local, area and regional levels.
Running regional operations Pls That an oil spill occurred was The Largest, involving a wide area and the number of large spills. It is done Pls the amount of equipment, manpower and resources of this country is not sufficient and involved assistance from other countries. Among the alternatives of regional cooperation are:
I. Contingency Plan Lombok - Napier
II. Standard Operating Procedure for the Straits of Malacca and the Straits of Singapore
III. Standard Operating Procedure for Malaysia and Brunei Darussalam
IV. ASEAN - Oil Spill Response Action Plan (ASEAN - OSRAP)
Hence there is' Also the objective of Establishing an oil spill control. Among the objectives are:
I. To Provide a system of immediate response is adjusted to cope with oil spills.
II. To increase of the capacity and resources available in terms of equipment and staff training to deal with oil spills.
III. To Avoid adverse effects on the environment by controlling the flow of oil.
Also there are other steps taken to reduce and Prevent accidents ships in the Straits of Malacca and Singapore Straits. Landlocked countries felt was Necessary for Them to control the traffic safety in both the Straits. As Such, They have suggested Traffic Separation Scheme (TSS) or the Traffic Scheme established in Europe have long since Used this method since the mid-19th century. The implementation of TSS is driven by the success of similar schemes in Europe. The proposal to establish this scheme in Europe the which began in 1857 in England. This proposal was prompted by the tragic collision of vessels Owned by United States and France, the which killed about 3000 people.
Several recommendations were the resource persons made to take care Also That does not Happen by rampant pollution. Among Them are:
I. Should Be Straits pollution problems studied in depth and Appropriate action must be taken.
II. Exclusive Economic Zone Act of 1984 Should Be Used to the extent Necessary and to impose higher penalties on those WHO pollute the sea and the beach.
III. The Council comprises the highest level That Among the countries share the coastal waters of the Straits of Malacca Should be established to Examine this matter and find a solution.
IV. Malacca Strait users to pay the levy or toll.
With the existence of the Various recommendations, act, and the establishment of the scheme is expected to pollution problems cans be reduced to preserve our territorial waters. In Malaysia, the Various parties involved in the control of pollution Such as the Department of Environment (DOE), Department of Customs and Excise Department, Marine Department, Marine Department, navy and police WHO represented the power to investigate under the Environment Quality Act 1974 . Even so, the Department of Environment is fully Responsible for the strengthening of the act, assisted by other maritime agencies.
2. Water Pollution
There is no doubt That Brought modern transportation has many changes and the goodness of the living standards of Malaysians. A good road system, facilities are excellent aviation system, and the international port of course, has to take the country and the people to an era of progress and Modernization. Now That Malaysia is free, can be said to be 90% -95% of the Countryside away from Towns and cities have been Able to enjoy the convenience of road That has changed the situation and livelihood of Villagers. However, this does not change, and Kindness possible without compromising the environment. Typically, EACH act and the changes it Brings with it advantages and disadvantages.
The negative effects the caused by the transport system is a major factor for Causing water pollution. It is Estimated That EACH year, about 13.6 million tonnes of poisonous gases emitted from vehicle damage to forests, lakes and marine life. Also this toxic gas increase is the greenhouse effect and global human health hazard.
Scientists have proven That transportation as a whole produces 64% of nitrogen oxide gas (the main elements That cause acid rain), 42% of hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide 66%, 32% lead, 30% Carbon Dioxide, 74% benzene (a toxic substance), and toluene, Xylene, and Ethylene an unknown number of percentage.
If the studied types of transport (land, sea and water) it is clear That Such motor vehicles as cars, trucks, motorcycles and buses is a major source of pollution Than ships and aircraft. The analysis made in Switzerland showed That the land transportation system, except for a train, using a total of three times the land area. This involves the use of 3.5 times more energy for cars and 8.7 times more for trucks and truck-producing 9 times the pollution. If the analysis made in Malaysia, the Same statistics May be found, and Perhaps Also higher Than the results of studies in Switzerland in view of the Increasing use of motor vehicles (mainly cars) in Malaysia recently.
• Step Resolution
Danger of pollution from motor vehicles has been given serious attention by the developed countries. In the U.S., for example, the Clean Air Act (Clean Water Act) was enacted to reduce the production of hydro-carbon, carbon monoxide and nitrogen oxides particular. This reduction is done by requiring the use of a catalytic converter (Catalytic Converters) in the manufacture of motor vehicles. Two-way catalytic converter (Two-Way Catalytic Converters) cans be reduced to 98% of the elements of pollution by converting Hydro Carbon and Carbon Monoxide to Carbon Dioxide and Steam. Three-way catalytic converter (three-way Catalytic Converters) cans Also ksida oxidize nitrogen oxide-specific, without compromising engine efficiency or increase of the use of motor oil.
Effects of lead on health cans be avoided if We use unleaded fuel (unleaded). Malaysia is the government's decisive action is Necessary to reduce the use and sale of leaded fuel in order to Ensure public health, particularly of the city.
Than find other alternatives to oil are Also Important for reducing the impact of environmental pollution. Two of the proposed alternative is natural gas (natural gas) and Propane. Studies Show That the materials contain a high octane no lead and cans Produce up to 90% reduces the production of carbon monoxide and hydrocarbons. Engine efficiency is Also Increased from 6% to 15% Pls using these materials as fuels.
Recently, studies of producing oil from plant biomass is in progress. For example in our country, scientists have discovered a type of palm oil to the which cans reduce water pollution without compromising engine efficiency. Although these Findings are still too new to ascertain whether it is practical or not, it Should Be a starting point for our Efforts Towards Achieving the Development of the concept of continuing concern for the environment.
In western countries, the use of vehicles using electric power are being studied extensively Also. Vehicles of this type do not Produce noise and water pollution. However, electricity is expensive and its impact on the environment May depend on how electricity is generated.
Motor vehicles, whether new or bad, is only Responsible for half of the problem and the environment. The other half is the responsibility of us as consumers dibahu. If We Want to reduce the negative effects of motor vehicle use on the environment, the attitude of care Towards The Way We use vehicles is critical.
In Addition, We Should reduce the use of water conditioners in motor vehicles unless absolutely Necessary. Use of air conditioner result in gas cans Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) and add fuel to 12%, particularly traffic congestion Pls. Use of air conditioner water cans be Replaced with ventilation and open windows while driving. Using cardboard in the light barrier and the rear windscreen of motor vehicles Pls put in the middle of the heat cans Also reduce heat in vehicles. With this We can reduce air conditioning use During the next drive to reduce environmental pollution.
Sharing a ride to the office or to perform certain places will of not only save energy and money, but is a way more clean and intelligent in conserving the environment from pollution. In Addition, complete as many tasks in one trip cans save fuel consumption. Finally, We Should reduce the use of motor vehicles to travel short distances. The use of Bicycles, vehicles or on foot cloud is better for the environment as well have a positive impact on our health.
Thus, the Caring Community Campaign Should Be Extended to cover human relationships with nature for more caring Malaysian society and are Responsible for the environment. Motorists Should Be Used Wisely for Their vehicles to conserve the welfare of the environment as well as reduce and solve problems related to the transportation system.
3. Land Pollution
Human use and adapt to the natural elements Such as forests, minerals, water, water, land, marine resources and fuel, turn back through the manufacturing process of goods and services.
Production processes are closely linked with economic systems and the development and growth. The attitude of looking at Things from the perspective of profit the caused the environment to exploit nature without estimating the Extinction of the resources of nature.
Forest does have a commercial value in the economy. Forest found supplies of timber and paper companies, the which is an Important source of foreign income. In the Tropics, contributes an estimated annual value of the cane of RM 1200 Million Annually in world trade. However, the excessive exploitation of forests for logging, agriculture, hunting and environmental pollution have resulted in a very spectacular.
For example, the floods hit installments That Such areas as India, Bangladesh and the Asia regions has been reduced another source of clean water for daily use. Yield of rice, sugarcane, etc. Also are affected. On the other Governments of these countries Had to Spend about RM 140 million to RM 750 million in spending floods. Sedimentation rates are high due to uncontrolled forest: Also penusnahan reduce the use of water ponds in the North Island of Luzon, the Philippines, in the pool water Nizamzagar, India and others.
Some events May be regarded as a tragic black, like the tragedies of post Dipang in Kampar, Perak, landslides in Genting Highlands and A Few other events, That have sacrificed so many lives is possible due to human negligence in protecting the environment, Because They Are too Concerned with profit by way of minimizing costs or Because of Their ignorance of environmental management.
• Step resolution
Measures to limit logging progress made by all State Governments to comply with the quota specified timber in order to Ensure sustainable forest management and development. The state government is Also advisable to replant trees in the forest: conservation measures for the purpose of logging in the future. Reforestation Fund was established to Ensure all parties comply with the rule of law.
Under the guidelines provided by the International Tropical Timber Organization is emphasizing perform certain aspects to increase of awareness of tropical forest protection in the member countries. These include:
1. Decrease the rate of logging activities and systematically from year to year.
1. Develop land use plan for the preservation of national forests and sustainable timber production.
1. Diversifying the use of forest resources by Increasing the use of rubber wood, bamboo, rattan and other forest products.
1. Restrict the export of raw logs without processing.
In Addition to the federal government, Malaysia has 13 states, the which have Their own laws on forests and forest maintenance, respectively. In this context, any Regulations enacted the federal level does not necessarily have to be implemented simultaneously in all states. Meanwhile, there are Some provisions and the flexibility given to State Governments That logging and forest protection and timber are the jurisdiction of Their Governments. All this is much help to the inefficiencies and problems in managing forest resources and timber in the country.
Conclusion
We certainly feel disgusted and uncomfortable if the house We Are in a smoky, dirty and smelly. This Should Be concept developed to treat this earth as our home. If We treat this earth as our home, Could We pollute it?
Earth is the only planet That allows us and other animals to live free. Enough Is not this reason for us to pet him with a full sense of Sympathy and compassion? Feelings of respect must be given to all forms of life and environment to our neighbors. All human actions have a significant impact on the environment. Respect for other life means respect for ourselves. Keeping the welfare of the environment is not polluted so We need to respect means to get water and clean water supply.
On the global issue of marine pollution is Among the most Important That agenda must be faced by Landlocked countries. Despite the Various problems That Arise in the enforcement of pollution of the marine sector, but it is still carried by maritime agencies are accountable in addressing this problem. This partnership not only in the agencies involved but work with WHO cans Also promptly report any incidents of marine pollution by the parties are not Responsible. Between Strong maritime cooperation with the private sector agencies to sponsor the cleaning operation elements of pollution at sea is most welcome. Marine pollution problems will from not be resolved if there is no self-awareness in people about the importance of the environment to Humans. In Addition, the law Should Be Enforced subject to similar problems Ensure That Would not recur.
DOE's involvement in carrying out its responsibilities cans only be achieved with the cooperation and public understanding of the importance of environmental stewardship. Clean and protected environment reflects the Harmonious and healthy community for spearheading the development of national science and technology.
Nature knows best Things for him. If We pour chemicals into an organism, it looks as if We threw a sack of screws and nuts to wedge into the machinery "Delicate" is ever created.
Bibliography
Ismail Hashim, 1991. Environmental Crisis: Universal Human Responsibilities. Special Academic, 1991.
Dzakiria and Azilah Kassim Hashim, 1994. Negative Impact of Motor Vehicles for the Environment. Cosmic House, December 1994.
Rohaini Haris, 1994. Department of Environment. Cosmic House, May 1994.
Dr. Moha Asri Abdullah, 1997. National Timber Industry: The Problems and Guidelines. Economic Council, April 1997.
Wong Seng Khek, 1991. Forest and irreversible. Special Academic, 1991.
Assoc. Abstract. Abdul Halim Sulaiman, 1994. Pollution. Cosmic House, May 1994.
Tajulddin Muhammad, 1997. Environmental Conservation. Economic Council, June 1997.
Malaysia Maritime Conference. Enforcement of Marine Pollution and problem-the problem. Department of Environment Kuala Lumpur. 16 to 19 December 1996.
ENVIRONMENTAL pollution issues ARE IN NEED OF A GLOBAL JOINT RESEARCH IN INTERNATIONAL Issues. Discuss.
INTRODUCTION
If We look at the title of this discussion, it is a broad topic and many aspects cans be discussed. But if We Are careful with musing and deeply, We find That one thing That Should Be taken into account is the word 'needs with the research.
Based on the issues to be discussed 'needs joint research' That means the issue of pollution is a global issue Should Be discussed, thought out and dealt with at the international level. This is due to the pollution problem is happening all over the world has, is and will from be Experienced by all countries. Be Should Be Prudent measures planned to address this problem.
How do We Want to solve the above problem? How We answer or solve Them is dependent on our own perception of the environment. Also it reveals The Way We Live, is there a way of life We Can help protect the environment or vice versa?
Education Unit or the Malaysian Nature Society, Nature Society (MNS) Often receives inquiries about whether or how to conserve the natural environment Should Be Made by all parties. Just as the question whether an individual effort to conserve the environment while the problems have changed from increasingly complex.
If We are examining the causes of environmental problems, We found That most people due to the demand of industrial products. This led to the problem of earth pressure on the ability to Provide space and resources for this request.
Pressure on the environment consists of two forms.
• Firstly, the pressure of demand on natural resources, Such as fuel, water and soil.
• Secondly, That the industrial waste pollutes the water and the environment.
This resulted in serious pollution of the global greenhouse effect, acid rain, ozone and irreversible.
When We think about this global pollution, it is too Difficult for an individual is to improv the situation. May We wonder, what are the actions of an individual is Able to give any effect? However, We Should Be Aware That this is how serious the pollution is Actually the caused by individual actions as well. Thus, the individual actions cans Also help save our earth.
Definition
According to Dictionary of the Board of Language and Literature (DBP), said that pollution is an act That pollute (discolour) - environmental pollution - the act of polluting the environment clean of litter.
The types of pollution
There are many Ways Contamination cans occur. But They are divided into two types:
• the caused by Natural Pollution
Pollution is the caused by natural factors That pollution occurs automatically upon the occurrence of Natural Disasters Such as volcanic eruptions, hurricanes hit, Earthquakes and so on.
• Pollution the caused by human factors.
Pollution is the caused by human factors pollution by Humans, whether intentional or unintentional. Among Them are:
a. Water Pollution
For example, toxic gases, particles trapped in the results of emission, the effects of haze from open burning and so forth.
b. Water Pollution
For example, Sewage disposal, chemical waste, heat, garbage disposal and so forth.
c. Land Pollution
For example, the destruction of forests due to logging, dumping of chemical wastes and solid wastes.
Pollution Effects
• Threaten Human Health
As a result of environmental pollution, human health is Also affected. In our country today Such as the use of cars has Increased rapidly in the 1950s and 1960s Than Previously. Unfortunately, the technology of manufacturing of motor vehicles has the caused many problems Such as water pollution, noise pollution, environmental damage and natural wildlife.
Production of monoxide gas is a toxic gas cans That kill if retained in a closed area. Another kind of element That cans be produced through the use of a motor vehicle is a type of lead is very toxic chemical and cans cause brain damage, especially Among children.
Apart from that, as occurred in Minamata Bay, Japan, toxic pollution into the water Causing symptoms of numbness and tingling, numbness, headaches, blurred vision and expression That is not correct. Some end up with paralysis and Died there. Symptoms the caused by mercury poisoning has involved hundreds of fishing Families. It is known as Minamata disease.
• Threatened plants and animals
The effects of the pollution occurs not only Experienced by Humans, but Also affect other wildlife. The impacts of pollution That killed many marine organisms in the shallow waters of the effects of oil spills into the sea. When oil spills occur with many near the coast it forms a layer of oil is threatening marine life and birds. Also affected were the resource persons Tumpuhan plankton growth and fertility.
The impacts are chronic anomalia Considered, the enlargement of the body and the which is not normal behavior, and less immune to the use of water resources.
As another example keracun effects of mercury, a strange incident occurred in Minamata Bay, Japan, Nowhere Suddenly the birds are flying plummeted from the sky. Cat Walk terhoyong hayang with a mouth-foaming, then ran and Died uncertain.
Showa Maru ship 7700 tons of oil spilled in the Riau archipelago in 1975, affecting hundreds of hectares of tropical plants in the waters of Indonesia. Even after four years of That event occurs, the impact of the oil residue is still visible and were the resource persons destroying Marine Ecosystems in Southeast Asia known as aquaculture.
• Property Damage
Pollution the caused by natural factors like volcanic eruptions, hurricanes, Earthquakes, etc., Substantially affected by the destruction of property. As an example of a volcanic Eruption That events occurred in Indonesia, Mount Merapi has resulted in property damage. This is the caused by hot lava produced by the mountain. Among the property damage occurred That was the destruction of human habitation and infrastructure in the affected areas.
INTEGRATED Measures
Completion OF ENVIRONMENTAL Issues
The current development Towards making Malaysia a developed country has sparked a variety of situations. The rapid development of economic and industrial sectors as well as political and social stability has provided a comfortable standard of living of the people and the country's image in the eyes of the world. However, despite the comfort and the incidence of the development of a number of ancillary issues That May be detrimental to community life.
Pollution affecting installments countries, Such as coastal pollution and water pollution the caused by the haze requires the active participation of the countries involved to get the solutions together.
1. Marine Pollution
Malaysia is surrounded by the sea Nowhere there are a variety of activities Such as oil and water transportation. Hence, Malaysia is Also exposed to the risk of a major oil spill. Statistics Show That More Than 165 oil platforms have been carrying out exploration and production activities in the South China Sea and the Strait of Malacca shipping lanes is the best Among the busiest in the world. In 1995 there were the resource persons approximately 30.251 ships through the Straits of Melaka has Nearly 30% of the which are Tankers. (Source: Statistics, Peninsular Malaysia Marine Department)
Now, the sea threatened by human activities are passionate pursuit of materialistic without regard to environmental implications. Pollution in Southeast Asia is a result of Various factors. The diversity of these factors lead to the quality and quantity of sea water so badly contaminated with a vaccine with no mujarap to recover. Over 90% of marine pollution is the caused by human activities and the remaining 10% is due to the shipping sector. (Nature Society, the Oil Spill Poisoned waters of Malaysia, the Cosmic Council (March), DBP, Kuala Lumpur, 1995, p. :53-55)
• Measures and cooperation taken by the coastal countries in Southeast Asia.
There are three countries sharing the waters of Malaysia, Indonesia and Thailand. The three countries are involved in mutual cooperation to Achieve Common interests. Malaysia and Indonesia have cooperated in Efforts to defend the Sovereignty of the Straits of Malacca under the Sovereignty of both countries. Although the Straits of Malacca is a complicated issue, but he never Prevent Landlocked countries to concern uterus.
The incident occurred on January 6, 1967, forced the Landlocked countries to take a positive action on the incident. In the year of the Japanese oil tanker known as the Torry Canyon of the which was registered in Liberia has been involved in a collision. As a result of any oil spill Would the cost to clean it up. The total cost is required at the time was 16 million dollars.
Currently, Malaysia and Indonesia in ASEAN They have to channel Their views on issues of the Straits of Malacca. The plan, known as the National Contingency Plan Oil Spill Control was held at the Department of Environment. The objective of regional cooperation will from enable the immediate action taken to control the oil spill That is due to spills in Malaysian waters.
Apart from Malaysia, Landlocked countries Also Such as Singapore has established a number of specific bodies to solve this problem. That all bodies are established are located in Singapore under a single administration of the port known as Port of Singapore (PSA). Oil companies are Also Concerned with this issue. They have joined forces to form Tierred Area Response Capability (TARC). This Organization was formed in 1986 and consists of Esso Oil Company, Caltex and Mobile. This organization has many state of the art equipment That Can Be Used in the work of controlling and cleaning up the oil spill.
In 1992, Singapore has proposed the establishment of a special body to mengatasimasalah oil spill. East Asia Response Limited (Earl) has finally been formed and it consists of five major oil companies. The companies are Esso, Petronas, Caltex, Shell and Mobile. These associations differ from other organizations is its broad and not limited in the waters of Malaysia and Singapore only, but covers the Asia Pacific region Including Japan and Australia.
When an oil spill incident, the first step That must be done is to control the oil spill from spreading to other areas. Oil spills will from rapidly spread through the wind and the torrential flow of water currents. There are four Ways Used to control the oil spill:
I. How to hem and collect spillage
II. Dispersent and chemical use
III. Cleaning beaches
IV. Left alone
In Addition, there are many factors to be taken in controlling the oil spill from spreading. Among Them are:
I. The location of the spill
II. The quantity of the spill
III. Type of spill
IV. Sea conditions
V. Potential spill response materials
When oil spills occur, the Responsible Party will from the run the oil cleansing stages of local, area and regional levels.
Running regional operations Pls That an oil spill occurred was The Largest, involving a wide area and the number of large spills. It is done Pls the amount of equipment, manpower and resources of this country is not sufficient and involved assistance from other countries. Among the alternatives of regional cooperation are:
I. Contingency Plan Lombok - Napier
II. Standard Operating Procedure for the Straits of Malacca and the Straits of Singapore
III. Standard Operating Procedure for Malaysia and Brunei Darussalam
IV. ASEAN - Oil Spill Response Action Plan (ASEAN - OSRAP)
Hence there is' Also the objective of Establishing an oil spill control. Among the objectives are:
I. To Provide a system of immediate response is adjusted to cope with oil spills.
II. To increase of the capacity and resources available in terms of equipment and staff training to deal with oil spills.
III. To Avoid adverse effects on the environment by controlling the flow of oil.
Also there are other steps taken to reduce and Prevent accidents ships in the Straits of Malacca and Singapore Straits. Landlocked countries felt was Necessary for Them to control the traffic safety in both the Straits. As Such, They have suggested Traffic Separation Scheme (TSS) or the Traffic Scheme established in Europe have long since Used this method since the mid-19th century. The implementation of TSS is driven by the success of similar schemes in Europe. The proposal to establish this scheme in Europe the which began in 1857 in England. This proposal was prompted by the tragic collision of vessels Owned by United States and France, the which killed about 3000 people.
Several recommendations were the resource persons made to take care Also That does not Happen by rampant pollution. Among Them are:
I. Should Be Straits pollution problems studied in depth and Appropriate action must be taken.
II. Exclusive Economic Zone Act of 1984 Should Be Used to the extent Necessary and to impose higher penalties on those WHO pollute the sea and the beach.
III. The Council comprises the highest level That Among the countries share the coastal waters of the Straits of Malacca Should be established to Examine this matter and find a solution.
IV. Malacca Strait users to pay the levy or toll.
With the existence of the Various recommendations, act, and the establishment of the scheme is expected to pollution problems cans be reduced to preserve our territorial waters. In Malaysia, the Various parties involved in the control of pollution Such as the Department of Environment (DOE), Department of Customs and Excise Department, Marine Department, Marine Department, navy and police WHO represented the power to investigate under the Environment Quality Act 1974 . Even so, the Department of Environment is fully Responsible for the strengthening of the act, assisted by other maritime agencies.
2. Water Pollution
There is no doubt That Brought modern transportation has many changes and the goodness of the living standards of Malaysians. A good road system, facilities are excellent aviation system, and the international port of course, has to take the country and the people to an era of progress and Modernization. Now That Malaysia is free, can be said to be 90% -95% of the Countryside away from Towns and cities have been Able to enjoy the convenience of road That has changed the situation and livelihood of Villagers. However, this does not change, and Kindness possible without compromising the environment. Typically, EACH act and the changes it Brings with it advantages and disadvantages.
The negative effects the caused by the transport system is a major factor for Causing water pollution. It is Estimated That EACH year, about 13.6 million tonnes of poisonous gases emitted from vehicle damage to forests, lakes and marine life. Also this toxic gas increase is the greenhouse effect and global human health hazard.
Scientists have proven That transportation as a whole produces 64% of nitrogen oxide gas (the main elements That cause acid rain), 42% of hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide 66%, 32% lead, 30% Carbon Dioxide, 74% benzene (a toxic substance), and toluene, Xylene, and Ethylene an unknown number of percentage.
If the studied types of transport (land, sea and water) it is clear That Such motor vehicles as cars, trucks, motorcycles and buses is a major source of pollution Than ships and aircraft. The analysis made in Switzerland showed That the land transportation system, except for a train, using a total of three times the land area. This involves the use of 3.5 times more energy for cars and 8.7 times more for trucks and truck-producing 9 times the pollution. If the analysis made in Malaysia, the Same statistics May be found, and Perhaps Also higher Than the results of studies in Switzerland in view of the Increasing use of motor vehicles (mainly cars) in Malaysia recently.
• Step Resolution
Danger of pollution from motor vehicles has been given serious attention by the developed countries. In the U.S., for example, the Clean Air Act (Clean Water Act) was enacted to reduce the production of hydro-carbon, carbon monoxide and nitrogen oxides particular. This reduction is done by requiring the use of a catalytic converter (Catalytic Converters) in the manufacture of motor vehicles. Two-way catalytic converter (Two-Way Catalytic Converters) cans be reduced to 98% of the elements of pollution by converting Hydro Carbon and Carbon Monoxide to Carbon Dioxide and Steam. Three-way catalytic converter (three-way Catalytic Converters) cans Also ksida oxidize nitrogen oxide-specific, without compromising engine efficiency or increase of the use of motor oil.
Effects of lead on health cans be avoided if We use unleaded fuel (unleaded). Malaysia is the government's decisive action is Necessary to reduce the use and sale of leaded fuel in order to Ensure public health, particularly of the city.
Than find other alternatives to oil are Also Important for reducing the impact of environmental pollution. Two of the proposed alternative is natural gas (natural gas) and Propane. Studies Show That the materials contain a high octane no lead and cans Produce up to 90% reduces the production of carbon monoxide and hydrocarbons. Engine efficiency is Also Increased from 6% to 15% Pls using these materials as fuels.
Recently, studies of producing oil from plant biomass is in progress. For example in our country, scientists have discovered a type of palm oil to the which cans reduce water pollution without compromising engine efficiency. Although these Findings are still too new to ascertain whether it is practical or not, it Should Be a starting point for our Efforts Towards Achieving the Development of the concept of continuing concern for the environment.
In western countries, the use of vehicles using electric power are being studied extensively Also. Vehicles of this type do not Produce noise and water pollution. However, electricity is expensive and its impact on the environment May depend on how electricity is generated.
Motor vehicles, whether new or bad, is only Responsible for half of the problem and the environment. The other half is the responsibility of us as consumers dibahu. If We Want to reduce the negative effects of motor vehicle use on the environment, the attitude of care Towards The Way We use vehicles is critical.
In Addition, We Should reduce the use of water conditioners in motor vehicles unless absolutely Necessary. Use of air conditioner result in gas cans Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) and add fuel to 12%, particularly traffic congestion Pls. Use of air conditioner water cans be Replaced with ventilation and open windows while driving. Using cardboard in the light barrier and the rear windscreen of motor vehicles Pls put in the middle of the heat cans Also reduce heat in vehicles. With this We can reduce air conditioning use During the next drive to reduce environmental pollution.
Sharing a ride to the office or to perform certain places will of not only save energy and money, but is a way more clean and intelligent in conserving the environment from pollution. In Addition, complete as many tasks in one trip cans save fuel consumption. Finally, We Should reduce the use of motor vehicles to travel short distances. The use of Bicycles, vehicles or on foot cloud is better for the environment as well have a positive impact on our health.
Thus, the Caring Community Campaign Should Be Extended to cover human relationships with nature for more caring Malaysian society and are Responsible for the environment. Motorists Should Be Used Wisely for Their vehicles to conserve the welfare of the environment as well as reduce and solve problems related to the transportation system.
3. Land Pollution
Human use and adapt to the natural elements Such as forests, minerals, water, water, land, marine resources and fuel, turn back through the manufacturing process of goods and services.
Production processes are closely linked with economic systems and the development and growth. The attitude of looking at Things from the perspective of profit the caused the environment to exploit nature without estimating the Extinction of the resources of nature.
Forest does have a commercial value in the economy. Forest found supplies of timber and paper companies, the which is an Important source of foreign income. In the Tropics, contributes an estimated annual value of the cane of RM 1200 Million Annually in world trade. However, the excessive exploitation of forests for logging, agriculture, hunting and environmental pollution have resulted in a very spectacular.
For example, the floods hit installments That Such areas as India, Bangladesh and the Asia regions has been reduced another source of clean water for daily use. Yield of rice, sugarcane, etc. Also are affected. On the other Governments of these countries Had to Spend about RM 140 million to RM 750 million in spending floods. Sedimentation rates are high due to uncontrolled forest: Also penusnahan reduce the use of water ponds in the North Island of Luzon, the Philippines, in the pool water Nizamzagar, India and others.
Some events May be regarded as a tragic black, like the tragedies of post Dipang in Kampar, Perak, landslides in Genting Highlands and A Few other events, That have sacrificed so many lives is possible due to human negligence in protecting the environment, Because They Are too Concerned with profit by way of minimizing costs or Because of Their ignorance of environmental management.
• Step resolution
Measures to limit logging progress made by all State Governments to comply with the quota specified timber in order to Ensure sustainable forest management and development. The state government is Also advisable to replant trees in the forest: conservation measures for the purpose of logging in the future. Reforestation Fund was established to Ensure all parties comply with the rule of law.
Under the guidelines provided by the International Tropical Timber Organization is emphasizing perform certain aspects to increase of awareness of tropical forest protection in the member countries. These include:
1. Decrease the rate of logging activities and systematically from year to year.
1. Develop land use plan for the preservation of national forests and sustainable timber production.
1. Diversifying the use of forest resources by Increasing the use of rubber wood, bamboo, rattan and other forest products.
1. Restrict the export of raw logs without processing.
In Addition to the federal government, Malaysia has 13 states, the which have Their own laws on forests and forest maintenance, respectively. In this context, any Regulations enacted the federal level does not necessarily have to be implemented simultaneously in all states. Meanwhile, there are Some provisions and the flexibility given to State Governments That logging and forest protection and timber are the jurisdiction of Their Governments. All this is much help to the inefficiencies and problems in managing forest resources and timber in the country.
Conclusion
We certainly feel disgusted and uncomfortable if the house We Are in a smoky, dirty and smelly. This Should Be concept developed to treat this earth as our home. If We treat this earth as our home, Could We pollute it?
Earth is the only planet That allows us and other animals to live free. Enough Is not this reason for us to pet him with a full sense of Sympathy and compassion? Feelings of respect must be given to all forms of life and environment to our neighbors. All human actions have a significant impact on the environment. Respect for other life means respect for ourselves. Keeping the welfare of the environment is not polluted so We need to respect means to get water and clean water supply.
On the global issue of marine pollution is Among the most Important That agenda must be faced by Landlocked countries. Despite the Various problems That Arise in the enforcement of pollution of the marine sector, but it is still carried by maritime agencies are accountable in addressing this problem. This partnership not only in the agencies involved but work with WHO cans Also promptly report any incidents of marine pollution by the parties are not Responsible. Between Strong maritime cooperation with the private sector agencies to sponsor the cleaning operation elements of pollution at sea is most welcome. Marine pollution problems will from not be resolved if there is no self-awareness in people about the importance of the environment to Humans. In Addition, the law Should Be Enforced subject to similar problems Ensure That Would not recur.
DOE's involvement in carrying out its responsibilities cans only be achieved with the cooperation and public understanding of the importance of environmental stewardship. Clean and protected environment reflects the Harmonious and healthy community for spearheading the development of national science and technology.
Nature knows best Things for him. If We pour chemicals into an organism, it looks as if We threw a sack of screws and nuts to wedge into the machinery "Delicate" is ever created.
Bibliography
Ismail Hashim, 1991. Environmental Crisis: Universal Human Responsibilities. Special Academic, 1991.
Dzakiria and Azilah Kassim Hashim, 1994. Negative Impact of Motor Vehicles for the Environment. Cosmic House, December 1994.
Rohaini Haris, 1994. Department of Environment. Cosmic House, May 1994.
Dr. Moha Asri Abdullah, 1997. National Timber Industry: The Problems and Guidelines. Economic Council, April 1997.
Wong Seng Khek, 1991. Forest and irreversible. Special Academic, 1991.
Assoc. Abstract. Abdul Halim Sulaiman, 1994. Pollution. Cosmic House, May 1994.
Tajulddin Muhammad, 1997. Environmental Conservation. Economic Council, June 1997.
Malaysia Maritime Conference. Enforcement of Marine Pollution and problem-the problem. Department of Environment Kuala Lumpur. 16 to 19 December 1996.
effects pollution
Negative effects
Noise with a Relatively constant high noise levels result in adverse impacts cans on human health. Could this mean disruption in the physical or psychological.
Directly, Such as cans cause noise pollution to tulian physical and psychological pressure. Furthermore, the psychological pressure will from causes other diseases Appear in Humans.
Noise with a Relatively constant high noise levels result in adverse impacts cans on human health. Could this mean disruption in the physical or psychological.
Directly, Such as cans cause noise pollution to tulian physical and psychological pressure. Furthermore, the psychological pressure will from causes other diseases Appear in Humans.
noise pollution
Noise pollution
Indonesian From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Sound pollution sound pollution or disturbance to the environment is the caused by noise or sound That resulted ketidaktentraman Living Things around uterus.
Sound pollution the caused by the high-volume sounds That make the Surrounding area Became noisy and unpleasant.
Indonesian From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Sound pollution sound pollution or disturbance to the environment is the caused by noise or sound That resulted ketidaktentraman Living Things around uterus.
Sound pollution the caused by the high-volume sounds That make the Surrounding area Became noisy and unpleasant.
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